Domestic violence is a deeply concerning issue that pervades societies worldwide, leaving an indelible mark on countless lives. In Nigeria, this problem is no exception, affecting individuals and families across the nation. This feature story aims to shed light on the meaning of domestic violence, explore its causes within the Nigerian context, delve into potential solutions, and provide actual statistics to highlight the prevalence and urgency of addressing this issue.
Domestic violence encompasses a range of abusive behaviors that occur within intimate relationships, including physical, emotional, sexual, and economic abuse. It is a pattern of coercive control aimed at exerting power and dominance over a partner, often leaving long-lasting physical and psychological scars. In Nigeria, domestic violence manifests itself in various ways, from marital rape and physical assault to emotional manipulation and economic deprivation.
In addition, Domestic violence is a deeply hidden problem in Nigeria, Sarah, a survivor of domestic abuse says”Domestic violence is a scourge that affects too many lives,leaving scars that runs far deeper than the physical wounds.It is a taboo topic that needs to be bought to light and victims needs to know they are not alone”.There are Soo many cases going unreported due to cultural, social, and economic factors.According to the National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) conducted in 2018, approximately 30% of Nigerian women aged 15-49 have experienced physical violence, and 10% have experienced sexual violence at some point in their lives. These statistics provide a glimpse into the magnitude of the problem within Nigerian society.
Contributing factors of domestic violence
Understanding the underlying causes of domestic violence is crucial in developing effective solutions. Several factors contribute to the prevalence of domestic violence in Nigeria, including societal norms, gender inequality, cultural beliefs, economic stress, and substance abuse. Deep-rooted patriarchal values, which prioritize male dominance and control, perpetuate the cycle of violence. Economic disparities, limited access to education, and lack of awareness further exacerbate the problem.The root cause of Domestic violence is the belief that one person has the right to control another- Lundy Bancroft,(Author & Domestic violence expert) Hence, there are contributing factors that stirs this menace to a play of which include thus.
Deep-rooted Patriarchal Norms. Traditional gender roles and patriarchal beliefs that prioritize male dominance and control perpetuate the cycle of violence. Women are often seen as subordinate to men, leading to unequal power dynamics within relationships.
Economic Inequality. Socioeconomic disparities exacerbate domestic violence, as financial stress and lack of economic opportunities can lead to frustration, tension, and increased violence within households.
Inadequate Legal Framework. Despite laws against domestic violence, implementation and enforcement remain weak. Lack of awareness, corruption, and limited access to justice hinder the ability of survivors to seek legal protection.
Cultural Norms and Silence. Societal norms and cultural practices that normalize violence, silence survivors, and stigmatize those who speak out contribute to the perpetuation of domestic violence. Fear of social ostracism and shame often prevent victims from seeking help.”Cultural and religious beliefs that perpetuate Male Dominance and gender roles can contribute to Domestic violence”_Rev .Dr.Katie Cannon (The ologian and domestic violence advocate)
Lack of Awareness and Education. Limited awareness about domestic violence, its consequences, and available support services contributes to the continuation of the cycle. Comprehensive education programs addressing gender equality, human rights, and healthy relationships are crucial for challenging societal norms and promoting change.
Domestic violence leaves victims traumatized, stripped of their self-worth, and trapped in a cycle of fear and helplessness. Children who witness domestic violence are also deeply affected, leading to long-term emotional and psychological consequences”Children who witness domestic violence are more likely to develop behavioral problems, anxiety,and depression”.Dr Eeith Gelles (Child Development expert). The societal impact is far-reaching, as domestic violence hampers social progress, undermines gender equality efforts, and perpetuates a culture of violence.
Moreso, we can say that anything that has a cause would also have its own consequences thus, Domestic violence inflicts severe physical, emotional, and psychological consequences on individuals and society which include the following.
Domestic violence may create Health Implications. Survivors of domestic violence often suffer from physical injuries, chronic pain, sexually transmitted infections, and long-term health issues. Mental health problems, including depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), are also prevalent.”Domestic violence can have long – lasting effects on a person’s mental health, including depressed anAxiety and wvwn PTSD*-Dr Katheen Kandall – Tackett, psychologist and author.
Secondly, it has an impact on Children. Children who witness or experience domestic violence are at risk of developing behavioral problems, experiencing trauma, and perpetuating the cycle of violence in their own relationships. The intergenerational impact perpetuates the cycle of abuse and hinders social Rachel a child survivor says “Growing up in a household with domestic violence taught her that loves hurts and that she wasn’t Worth protecting”.
Economic Burden is also a consequence of Domestic violence. It leads to lost productivity, increased healthcare costs, and economic instability. Survivors may miss work due to injuries, psychological distress, or the need to seek safety, resulting in lost wages and career setbacks. Amanda a survivor says “The Trauma from the domestic violence has affected her relationship work and overall well _being.
And to crown it all, domestic violence causes Social Disruption. Domestic violence fractures social bonds, isolates victims, and erodes trust within communities. It contributes to social fragmentation, decreased community cohesion, and a breakdown of social norms and values.
Solutions to Curb the menace call Domestic Violence
Having noted the above, we may be prompted to ask ourselves of the ways of Addressing Domestic Violence in Nigerian Society so as to curb it?
Meanwhile, To combat domestic violence effectively, a comprehensive approach is required. Addressing domestic violence requires a multi-faceted approach involving individuals, communities, and institutions.
One of the best is Legislative Measures. Strengthening legal frameworks and ensuring their implementation and enforcement. This includes criminalizing all forms of domestic violence, providing support services, and holding perpetrators accountable.
Progressively, creating Awareness and Education can help in Increasing public awareness about domestic violence, its consequences, and available support services. Comprehensive education programs should be implemented in schools, workplaces, and communities to challenge cultural norms, promote gender equality, and foster respectful relationships.” Educational and awareness are key to preventing domestic violence.we need to teach healthy relationships and consent starting in elementary school”Chrissy Kelly founder of the Domestic violence awareness project.
When Support Services are enlisted thereby Establishing and strengthening accessible support systems, such as helplines, shelters, counseling centers, and legal aid services, to provide immediate assistance, protection, and rehabilitation to survivors.
Adding to the aforementioned, Community Engagement can also help curb this menace call domestic violence. Engaging religious and traditional leaders, community organizations, and influential individuals to challenge cultural norms, advocate for gender equality, and create safe spaces for survivors.
Ultimately, Capacity Building in Training law enforcement agencies, healthcare professionals, and social workers to effectively respond to domestic violence cases, provide support, and facilitate the legal process.
It is important to recognize that the impacts of domestic violence extend far beyond the individuals directly involved. By addressing domestic violence comprehensively, society can work towards creating safer, healthier, and more equitable communities for all.
Conclusively, Domestic violence is a deep-rooted issue that requires concerted efforts from all segments of society to break the cycle of abuse in Nigeria. By understanding the meaning, causes, and impact of domestic violence, and by implementing comprehensive solutions, we can create a society that is safe, equal, and free from the shackles of violence. Together, let us shatter the silence, support survivors, and work towards a future where every Nigerian can thrive in a violence-free environment.
Domestic violence remains a menacing issue within Nigerian society, perpetuating cycles of violence, undermining the well-being of individuals and families, and hindering social progress. By addressing the root causes, raising awareness, strengthening legal frameworks, providing support services, and fostering a culture of respect and equality, Nigerian society can work towards eradicating domestic violence and creating a safe, inclusive, and violence-free environment for all its citizens. It is only through collective action and sustained efforts that the menace of domestic violence can be overcome, bringing about a brighter and more equitable future for Nigeria.
– Nwannunu Peace Chinenye
Prince Abubakar Audu University, Anyigba.
